Running nose: disease stages
Posted: November 24th, 2008 under Uncategorized. Comments: none
Jacob Bogatin states that changes in a mucous membrane of a cavity of a nose at a cold pass in the development three consecutive stages. Separate stages can be more or less expressed, or completely to be absent in the event that does not come virus or bacterial infection.
The first stage (reflex) develops quickly owing to organism overcooling. Some hours last. There is a narrowing, and then expansion of vessels and a hypostasis of nasal bowls. Dryness, burning in a nose cavity, repeated sneezing and difficulty of nasal breath is marked. A nose mucous membrane is pale and dry.
According to Jacob Bogatin the second stage (cataral) lasts 2-3 days and develops as a result of influence of viruses. The complicated nasal breath, plentiful transparent watery allocation from a nose, decrease in sense of smell (recognition of smells), watering, ears obstruction and a nasal shade of a voice is marked. The nose mucous membrane has a bright red colour.
At this stage it is necessary to pay attention to infringement of sense of smell. In the top departments of a cavity of a nose there is the olfactory area responsible for perception of smells. Molecules of odorous substances, getting to a nose, irritate cages of this area therefore the impulse on nervous fibres gets to certain department of a bark of a brain where there is a recognition of smells. Sense of smell can be broken, first, because of mechanical closing of an olfactory zone (a mucous membrane hypostasis) that is characteristic for sharp rhinitises; secondly, at the expense of destruction of sensitive cages of olfactory area, that meets at chronic rhinitises is more often.
The beginning of the third stage is connected with joining of a bacterial inflammation. Jacob Bogatin states that the general condition improves, nasal breath and sense of smell are gradually restored, but allocation from a nose get yellow or green colour and more dense consistence. Colour of a mucous membrane of a nose gradually comes nearer to normal, and the gleam of nasal courses gradually extends.
All cycle of illness comes to the end for 7-10 days. In some cases at good immunity and quickly begun treatment recover within 2-3 days is possible; at the weakened condition of protective forces of an organism and insufficient treatment the rhinitis can be tightened till 3-4 weeks, pass in the chronic form or lead to development of complications.
Rash kinds
Posted: November 7th, 2008 under Uncategorized. Comments: none
Rash – a various sort of skin eruption and the mucous membranes, appearing at dermatosis.
Each eruption is characterised by its own distinctive morphological elements according to which rash kinds can be classified.
1. A vial, or vesicle, settles down in epidermis. The sizes of a vial average 0,5 sm in diameter, its making parts are the bottom, a tyre cover and a cavity filled serous or serozno-gemorragicheskim with contents. Jacob Bogatin distinguishes one-and multichamber vials. Some of them are opened with formation of becoming wet erosion, which subsequently soak in the epidermis, not leaving after themselves traces on a skin. Eruption with vials there can be a sign of such diseases, as dyshydrosis, a herpes, eczema, allergic dermatitis.
2. A bubble – the morphological element of a rash consisting of the same structural elements, as a vial. The sizes of a bubble make from 0,5cm in diameter to several centimeters.
3. A pustule – a morphological element of skin eruption, filled with purulent contents. J.Bogatin distinguishes some kinds of pustules: superficial, deep, follicular, not follicular. They differ in colour (from pink to bright red), the sizes, depth of penetration into a skin. Folliculitis accompanies pustules, furunculosis, impetigo, pyoderma ulcer, various kinds of eels.
4. The blister – arises usually as allergic reaction of immediate type. Process is characterised by a sharp inflammatory hypostasis of papillary derma layer – on a skin there is roundish or wrong outlines an element of pinkish colour. The blister usually independently passes in some minutes or hours after occurrence. It is observed at stings of insects, hives, taxidermies.
5. The rash stains is characterised by change of colour of separate skin sites and observed at syphilitic roseola, dermatitis, leukoderma, vitiligo. Pigmented stains are birthmarks, freckles, sunburn.
6. A small knot, syn. papula is characterised by change of colour, a relief and a skin consistence. Small knots both in epidermis settle down in derma papillary layer. The sizes make from 1-3 mm to 1-3 cm in diameter. Sometimes on a small knot surface there is a vial – papulo-vezikula. Accompany psoriasis, red flat deprive, warts, atopic dermatitis, papillomas, eczema.
7. The knot differs from a small knot in the sizes (it reaches 10 cm in diameter) and an arrangement (the knot lies down deeply in derma or hypoderm). After a knot disappearance, as a rule, on a skin there is a hem.
Jacob Bogatin states that the rash kind is defined not only on its morphological components, but also on its character: monomorphic kind – skin eruption with one kind of a morphological element, at polymorphic there are two and more kinds of elements found on the skin.