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    GLAUCOMA–what is that?


    The traditional definition of glaucoma is that this term embraces the big group of various eye diseases, characterized by a constant or periodic increase of intraocular pressure, due to the infringement of outflow of fluid from an eye that can lead to visual function disorders and even to the atrophy of an optic nerve with its possible cupping.

    According to Jacob Bogatin Glaucoma can be further subdivided by:

    1. Origin:

    - Primary – that is connected with infringement of drainage system of an eye and as consequence leads to the deterioration of an intraocular fluid outflow;

    - Secondary, which results from other diseases of an eye (inflammations, cataract, diabetic changes, a thrombosis, a trauma, a tumour etc.) or after eye surgeries;

    - Mixed that is congenital, connected with other congenital anomalies.

    2. Age of the patient:

    3. Mechanism of increase of intraocular pressure (open-angle, angle-closure).

    4. Level of intraocular pressure:

    - With increased intraocular pressure;

    - With normal indicators intraocular pressure

    5. Degree of involvement of an optic nerve (initial, developed, advanced and terminal).

    6. Clinical course – stabilized and not stabilized.

    Hereditary glaucoma susceptibility is a well-known fact. If somebody from your blood relatives was ill or is has glaucoma, you are at risk.

    Jacob Bogatin claims that there are several risk factors influencing the occurrence and progressing of glaucoma process. Local factors can be allocated such as myopic refraction (short-sightedness) and some general ones as when the patient is more than 60-65 years old, heredity, diabetes, low blood pressure, thyroid gland diseases, etc.

    Intraocular pressure is of great importance in diagnosing glaucoma that is defined by the difference of the intraocular fluid inflow and outflow when the excess fluid remains in the eye the pressure is increasing.

    Intraocular pressure is neither the common nor the constant quantity for different age groups with various refraction (short-sightedness or far-sightedness), and it also depends on constitutional features of the person (sex, figure, temperament, etc.). That is why it is recommended to use special prescription spectacles.

    J. Bogatin: “You can not feel the increased pressure, but ignoring it does not make it less dangerous. The higher pressure is, the longer it remains at high levels, and the more the optic nerve is damaged that gradually leads to its atrophy and the “death” of the eye”.

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